Showing posts with label HARDWARE - NETWORKING. Show all posts
Showing posts with label HARDWARE - NETWORKING. Show all posts

Thursday, May 26, 2011

windows operating system minimum Requirements


Microsoft  windows operating system minimum Requirements




Type Win 95 Win 98 Win me Win XP Win VISTA Win 7
processor 486 486dx-66mhz 150mhz Pentium 300 MHz 1ghz 1ghz min
memories 4mb 16mb 32mb 128mb 1gb 1bg
video Na VGA monitor VGA monitor Svga dx9/128mb dx9/wddm 1.0
HDD 50mb 195mb 320mb 1.5gb 40gb hdd/15 GB free 16gb(20 for (4bit)

Thursday, April 7, 2011

Microsoft Windows and applications shortcut keys


    Microsoft Windows and applications shortcut keys
    BASIC SHORTCUT KEYS
      Shortcut Keys Description
      • Alt + F
          File menu options in current program.
      • Alt + E
          Edit options in current program
      • F1
          Universal Help in 90% of Windows programs.
      • Ctrl + A
          Select all text.
      • Ctrl + X
          Cut selected item.
      • Shift + Del
          Cut selected item.
      • Ctrl + C
          Copy selected item.
      • Ctrl + V
          Paste
      • Shift + Ins
          Paste
      • Home
          Goes to beginning of current line.
      • Ctrl + Home
          Goes to beginning of document.
      • End
          Goes to end of current line.
      • Ctrl + End
          Goes to end of document.
      • Shift + Home
          Highlights from current position to beginning of line.
      • Shift + End
          Highlights from current position to end of line.
      • Ctrl + Left arrow
          Moves one word to the left at a time.
      • Ctrl + Right arrow
          Moves one word to the right at a time.
      • Ctrl + Backspace
          Delete word to the left of cursor.
      • Ctrl + Del
          Delete word to the right of cursor.
    WINDOWS SHORTCUT KEYS
      Shortcut Keys Operating System Description
      • Alt + Tab
          3.X / 95 / 98 / NT / 2000 / XP
          Switch between open applications.
      • Alt + Shift + Tab
          3.X / 95 / 98 / NT / 2000 / XP
          Switch backwards between open applications.
      • Ctrl + Esc
          95 / 98 / NT / 2000 / XP
          Bring Up start button.
      • Alt + Esc
          95 / 98 / NT / 2000 / XP
          Switch Between open applications on taskbar.
      • F2
          3.X / 95 / 98 / NT / 2000 / XP
          Renames selected Icon
      • F3
          95 / 98 / NT / 2000 / XP
          Starts find from desktop
      • F4
          95 / 98 / NT / 2000 / XP
          Opens the drive selection when browsing.
      • F5
          95 / 98 / NT / 2000 / XP
          Refresh Contents
      • Alt + F4
          3.X / 95 / 98 / NT / 2000 / XP
          Closes Current open program.
      • Ctrl + F4
          3.X / 95 / 98 / NT / 2000 / XP
          Closes Window in Program
      • Ctrl + (the '+' key on the keypad)
          98 / NT / 2000 / XP
          Automatically adjust the widths of all the columns in Windows explorer
      • Alt + Enter
          95 / 98 / NT / 2000 / XP
          Opens properties window of selected icon or program.
      • Shift + F10
          95 / 98 / NT / 2000 / XP
          Simulates right click on selected item.
      • Shift + Del
          95 / 98 / NT / 2000 / XP
          Delete programs/files without throwing into the recycle bin.
      • Holding Shift
          3.X / 95 / 98 / NT / 2000 / XP
          Boot safe mode or by pass system files.
      • Holding Shift
          95 / 98 / NT / 2000 / XP
          When putting in an audio CD will prevent CD Player from playing.
      MICROSOFT WINDOWS SHORTCUT KEYS
        Below is a listing of Windows keys that can be used on computers running a Microsoft Windows operating system and using a keyboard with a Windows key. In the below list of shortcuts the windows key is represented by "WINKEY".
        • WINKEY + D
            Minimizes all windows and returns the user to the desktop.
        • WINKEY + M
            Minimizes all windows.
        • WINKEY + SHIFT + M
            Undo the minimize.
        • WINKEY + E
            Open Microsoft Explorer.
        • WINKEY + Tab
            Cycle through open programs through the taskbar.
        • WINKEY + F
            Display the Windows Search / Find feature.
        • WINKEY + CTRL + F
            Display the search for computers window.
        • WINKEY + F1
            Display the Microsoft Windows help.
        • WINKEY + R
            Open the run window.
        • WINKEY + Pause / Break key
            Open the system properties window.
        • WINKEY + U
            Open Utility Manager.
        • WINKEY + L
            Lock the computer (Windows XP and above only).
      EXCEL SHORTCUT KEYS
        Shortcut Keys Description
        • F7
            Spell check selected text and or document.
        • F11
            Create chart.
        • Alt + Enter ;
            Manually move to the next line in a cell without using word wrap
        • Ctrl + Shift + ;
            Enter the current time
        • Ctrl + ;
            Enter the current date
        • Alt + Shift + F1
            Insert New Worksheet
        • Shift + F3
            Open the Excel formula window.
        • Shift + F5
            Bring up search box.
        • Ctrl + A
            Select all contents of the worksheet.
        • Ctrl + B
            Bold highlighted selection.
        • Ctrl + I
            Italic highlighted selection.
        • Ctrl + K
            Insert link.
        • Ctrl + U
            Underline highlighted selection.
        • Ctrl + 5
            Strikethrough highlighted selection.
        • Ctrl + P
            Bring up the print dialog box to begin printing.
        • Ctrl + Z
            Undo last action.
        • Ctrl + F9
            Minimize current window.
        • Ctrl + F10
            Maximize currently selected window.
        • Ctrl + F6
            Switch between open workbooks / windows.
        • Ctrl + Tab
            Move to next worksheet.
        • Ctrl + Shift + !
            Format number in comma format.
        • Ctrl + Shift + $
            Format number in currency format.
        • Ctrl + Shift + #
            Format number in date format.
        • Ctrl + Shift + %
            Format number in percentage format.
        • Ctrl + Shift + ^
            Format number in scientific format.
        • Ctrl + Shift + @
            Format number in time format.
        • Ctrl + Arrow key
            Move to next section of text.
        • Ctrl + Space
            Select entire column.
        • Shift + Space
            Select entire row.
      WORD SHORTCUT KEYS
        Shortcut Keys Description
        • Ctrl + A
            Select all contents of the page.
        • Ctrl + B
            Bold highlighted selection.
        • Ctrl + F
            Open find box.
        • Ctrl + I
            Italic highlighted selection.
        • Ctrl + K
            Insert link.
        • Ctrl + U
            Underline highlighted selection.
        • Ctrl + Z
            Undo last action.
        • Ctrl + Shift + >
            Increase selected font +1
        • Ctrl + Shift +
            Decrease selected font -1
        • Shift + Enter
            Manually move to the next line in a cell without using word wrap.
        • F4
            Repeat the last action performed (2000+)
        • F7
            Spell check selected text and or document.
      INTERNET EXPLORER SHORTCUT KEYS
        Shortcut Keys Description
        • Alt + Left Arrow
            Back a page.
        • Alt + Right Arrow
            Forward a page.
        • F5
            Refresh current page / frame.
        • F11
            Display the current website in full screen mode. Pressing F11 again will exit this mode.
        • Esc
            Stop page or download from loading.
        • Ctrl + Enter
            Quickly complete an address. For example type computerhope in the address bar and press CTRL + ENTER to get http://www.computerhope.com.
        • Ctrl + N
            Open New browser window.
        • Ctrl + P
            Print current page / frame.
      FRONT PAGE SHORTCUT KEYS
        Shortcut Keys Description
        • Ctrl + B
            Bold highlighted selection.
        • Ctrl + I
            Italic highlighted selection.
        • Ctrl + U
            Underline highlighted selection.
        • Ctrl + Ins
          Enter Line break


    Thursday, March 3, 2011

    Basic Computer Terms and Glossary

    A searchable glossary of computer and Internet terms with simple definitions and mini explanations those are easy to understand, covering both the basic and the little advance.





    1. Byte is a combination of Eight bits.
    2. Combination of four bits is Nibble
    3. A Command is a kind of coded message.
    4. Word is the combination of two or more than two bytes.
    5. Binary code is a term which describes a way of counting.
    6. A, Binary digit, or bit for short is a number. It is either or.
    7. Data is a plural word which means facts or information.
    8. A Floppy disk is a part of a computer and it stores data and programes.
    9. A Hard disk stores information inside some kinds of computer.
    10. Input is information which flows into a computer.
    11. A mouse is a part of Computer
    12. A random access memory (RAM) is a part of a Computer
    13. A read-only memory, or ROM for short, is a part of a Computer
    14. Software, programs and data that are used by Computers
    15. A general collection of data shared by a variety of users is Database
    16. Firmware is defined as software embedded into the hardware.
    17. A Keyboard is a part of a computer; it has rows of buttons, called keys.
    18. Logic is a set of rules which controls the way in which computers work.
    19. A Laser is a device which produces a beam of very bright and powerful light.
    20. A Byte is a number, it carries instructions or information inside computers.
    21. A Mainframe computer is the largest and most powerful kind of computer.
    22. A Megabyte is a unit of measurement which measures an amount of data or the size of the memory in a computer.
    23. A Modem is a part of computers which connects a computer to a telephone line.
    24. A post processor is a Computer which uses a special kind of program. Words are typed on a keyboard and they appear on the screen of a visual display unit.
    25. A programme which converts assembly language programme into Machine language programme.
    26. Zero and one in their endless combination constitute binary I system on which Computers are based.
    27. Bit is the basic unit of Inverters. It can have two values one and zero only.
    28. Boolean algebra was developed to deal with binary numbers. Under the binary system all ordinary Arithmetical operations are reduced to their simplest form.
    29. Compiler is a programme which translates a high-level language programme into Machine language.
    30. The term given to the machinery itself and to me various individual pieces of equipment is Hardware.
    31. A set of instructions given to the computer in a particular sequence for solving a given problem is Programme.
    32. A collection of programmes writ- ten to bring the hardware of a computer system into operation is Software.
    33. The Operating system is an organized collection of routines and procedures for operating a computer.
    34. Time Sharing is the concurrent use of a single computer system by Many independent users.
    35. A central processing unit (CPU), is a part of a Computer, it uses a program to change data that pass through it.
    36. A Computer is an electronic machine which can solve problems very quickly.
    37. Hard copy is the information which is printed onto paper. The information usually comes from a computer or from a fax machine.
    38. A Kilobyte is a unit of measurement which measures an amount of data or the size of the memory in a computer.

    Abbreviations associated with Computer

    Here are some important abbreviations associated with Computer and web technology. These terms are very basic 
    and general known



    C DOT Center for Development of Telematrics.
    HTTP Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
    ROM Read Only Memory
    RAM Random Access Memory
    BIOS Basic Input Output System.
    MODEM Modulation – Demodulation.
    CAD Computer Aided Design.
    PSTN Public Switched Public Data Network.
    PSPDN Pocket Switched Public.
    RABAN Remote Area Business Message Network.
    LAN Local Area Network
    WAN Wide Area Network .
    MAN Metropolitan Area Network.
    CDMA Code Division Multiple Access.
    GAIS Gateway Internet Access Service
    EMail Electronic Mail.
    CD Compact Disc.
    LDU Liquid Display Unit.
    CPU Central Processing Unit.
    CAM Computer Aided Manufacturing.
    CATScan Computerized Axial Tomography Scan .
    COBOL Common Business Oriented Language.
    COMAL Common Algorithmic Language.
    DOS Disk Operating System.
    DTS Desk Top System
    DTP Desk Top Publishing.
    E Commerce Electronic Commerce.
    ENIAC Electronic Numerical Integrator And Calculator
    FAX Far Away Xerox.
    FLOPS Floating Operations Per Second.
    FORTRAN Formula Translation.
    HLL High Level Language.
    HTML Hyper Text Markup Language.
    IBM International Business Machine.
    IC Integrated Circuit
    ISH International Super Highway.
    LISP List Processing.
    LLL Low Level Language
    MICR Magnetic Ink Character Recognizer.
    MIPS Millions of Instructions Per Second.
    MOPS Millions of Operations Per Second.
    MPU Micro Processor Unit.
    NICNET National Information Center Network.
    OMR Optical Mark Reader.
    PCDOT Personal Computer Disk Operation System.
    PROM Programmable Read Only Memory.
    SNOBOL String Oriented Symbolic Language.
    UPS Uninterpretable Power Supply.
    VDU Visual Display Unit.
    VLSI Very Large Scale Integrated.
    WWW World Wide Web.
    CDAC Centre for Development of Advanced Parallel Computing

    WLAN
    Wireless Local Area Network.


    WI-FI
    Wireless Fidelity
    TIFF
    Tagged Image File Format


    E-SATA
    External Serial Advanced Technology Attachment


    WiMAX
    Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access


    JPEG
    Joint Photographic Experts Group


    GIF
    Graphics Interchange Format


    ATX
    Advanced Technology Extended


    UATX
    Ultra Advanced Technology Extended


    FATX
    Flex Advanced Technology Extended


    MATX
    Micro Advanced Technology Extended


    EEATX
    Enhanced Extended Advanced Technology Extended


    SDRAM
    Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory


    DDR RAM


    Double- Data -Rate Random Access Memory
    GUI
    Graphical User Interfaces


    CUI
    Command User Interfaces